Amine-Functionalized Lignin as an Eco-Friendly Antioxidant for Rubber Compounds

Although the typical antioxidant, N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD), ensures high durability and long lifespan for rubber compounds, it generates a highly toxic quinone in water, causing serious environmental pollution. Herein, as an alternative material of 6PPD, we newly introduce eco-friendly amine-functionalized lignin (AL) to be incorporated rubber, which can provide excellent combinatorial antiaging properties thermal stability ozone/fatigue resistances through radical scavenging effect. The heterolytic ring-opening reaction AL sulfur accelerate curing improve cross-link density by 28% (v, 4.107 × 10–4 mol/cm3), consequently reducing ozone vulnerable areas matrix further improving aging resistance. Notably, allows its compound exhibit superior anti-ozone performance after aging, with arithmetic surface roughness (Sa) 2.077 μm, should compared that 6PPD (4.737 μm). developed chemically modified methodology have enormous potential promising additive future compounds. lignin-based antioxidant manufactured amination has reduce pollution industry.